Seeing Heaven: The Beauty of Cosmigraphics

By Adam Frank

Published December 16, 2014 at 9:11 AM EST

If I asked you to picture the universe in your head, you'd probably conjure up images of fiery stars and swirling galaxies.

But the first observation of a solar flare was made in 1859 — and it wasn't until the 1920s that galaxies were recognized as separate entities (i.e. distant collections of hundreds of billions of stars). This means that envisioning the cosmos sets you squarely in the midst of human history. You imagine the universe your culture and place in time has learned to see. Those visions have changed as we have changed and, for the most part, we've lost touch with the stars our great-great grandparents imagined.

But as author Michael Benson shows us in his remarkable new book Cosmigraphics: Picturing Space Through Time, those universes have lost none of their beauty, even as they've been superceded by more accurate visions.

Benson's work is that rarest of finds — a true mix of science and art. It's a coffee table book of high resolution, high quality and full-color images spanning 4,000 years. Beginning with "creation," Benson shows us early manuscripts attempting to illustrate the emergence of the world from nothing — in both biblical and physical terms. Then he ends the chapter with a stunning two-page, all-sky map of the cosmic microwave background — fossil radiation from the Big Bang. He repeats this movement — from early representations in paintings and woodcuts to more modern visions made on film or within computer simulations — in all the chapters that follow, on Earth, the moon, the sun, the structure of the universe and so on. It's a feast for the eye and the mind, as the reader comes to see that all our cosmic flights of imagination remain, by their very nature, tentative.

I'm going to take a leap and say that this is the book to get for your scientifically minded, historically inclined and artistically appreciative loved ones (or just friends). With over 300 pages of text and mostly illustrations, it is truly a gift that keeps on giving.

These images and captions (some captions have been edited), below, are from the book (courtesy of the publisher):

1847–49: The idea of the stars forming a dome above our heads has rarely been more effectively literalized than in this set — by Prussian Karl Friedrich Schinkel — for Act 1, Scene 6 of Mozart's <em>The Magic</em> <em>Flute.</em> — 1847–49: The idea of the stars forming a dome above our heads has rarely been more effectively literalized than in this set — by Prussian Karl Friedrich Schinkel — for Act 1, Scene 6 of Mozart's *The Magic* *Flute.*

2011: In the early 21st century, attempts to visualize such complex ephemeral phenomena as ocean currents, wind direction, and speed grew increasingly sophisticated, as the volume of real-time data increased and supercomputers proved capable of processing it. This ocean surface current visualization was produced by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

1963: At the dawn of the Space Age, and before any meaningful exploration of space had really commenced, Czech illustrator Ludek Pesek depicted the solar system in multiple paintings made for a book titled <em>The Moon and Planets</em>, by Josef Sadil. This painting, of a craggy lunar landscape with distant Earth low on the horizon, comes from the book. — 1963: At the dawn of the Space Age, and before any meaningful exploration of space had really commenced, Czech illustrator Ludek Pesek depicted the solar system in multiple paintings made for a book titled *The Moon and Planets*, by Josef Sadil. This painting, of a craggy lunar landscape with distant Earth low on the horizon, comes from the book.

2009: Supercomputer simulation of a sunspot. In this striking image, the highly complex filaments that flow between a sunspot's dark center and lighter outer region have been produced in exquisite detail by simulating the magnetic forces at play using a supercomputer. This image is effectively a still culled from the first comprehensive 3-D model of a sunspot, created with IBM computer.